California Wastewater Treatment Operator Practice Exam

Why is nutrient removal crucial in wastewater treatment?

1. To reduce costs of treatment facilities

2. To prevent eutrophication and water quality degradation in receiving bodies

3. To enhance the aesthetic quality of treated water

4. To reduce biosolid production

The correct answer is: To prevent eutrophication and water quality degradation in receiving bodies

Nutrient removal is crucial in wastewater treatment primarily to prevent eutrophication and degradation of water quality in receiving bodies. Eutrophication occurs when excess nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, are introduced into aquatic systems. These nutrients promote the rapid growth of algae, leading to algal blooms that can deplete oxygen in the water and produce toxins harmful to aquatic life and human health. Additionally, when algae die and decompose, they consume even more oxygen, resulting in dead zones where aquatic organisms cannot survive. By effectively removing these nutrients during the treatment process, wastewater treatment facilities help to maintain the ecological balance of rivers, lakes, and coastal waters, ensuring that aquatic organisms can thrive, and the overall health of the ecosystem is preserved. Clean and balanced water bodies are essential not only for environmental health but also for recreational areas and drinking water sources, making nutrient removal a pivotal aspect of responsible wastewater management.