California Wastewater Treatment Operator Practice Exam

Describe the role of the activated sludge process.

1. It uses aeration and microorganisms to treat wastewater by inducing microbial growth

2. It solely relies on chemical treatment for wastewater management

3. It uses ultraviolet light to disinfect wastewater

4. It separates solids from liquids in wastewater

The correct answer is: It uses aeration and microorganisms to treat wastewater by inducing microbial growth

The activated sludge process is a crucial biological treatment method used in wastewater management. It involves aeration, where air is introduced into the wastewater to promote the growth of microorganisms, specifically bacteria. These microorganisms consume organic matter contained in the wastewater, breaking it down and converting it into microbial biomass. This process significantly reduces the concentration of pollutants in the wastewater, making it more suitable for discharge into the environment or for further treatment. By encouraging microbial growth in an aerated environment, the process efficiently tackles organic waste and is essential in producing treated effluent that meets regulatory standards. Other methods mentioned, such as chemical treatment, disinfection with ultraviolet light, and physical separation of solids, are distinct processes that do not reflect the biological action and microbial engagement fundamental to the activated sludge process. Understanding this role is essential for wastewater treatment operators, as it highlights the importance of biological processes in achieving effective wastewater treatment.